The
olive tree
is a long-lived evergreen tree that has been grown in the
Mediterranean from time immemorial, highly prized for its many
useful properties. It is mentioned in the Bible and it has always
been a sacred tree. It is a symbol of peace, wisdom, eternity,
strength and fertility. The olive tree has played an important role
in the growth of Mediterranean civilization and economy, the diet
and medicine of its people, their mythology, religion and art.
Not
only was it the basis of the peoples diet, but it was also used as a method of
payment in trading, as a medication and beauty lotion.
It
grows in poor soil, in dry conditions with almost no water, but with
an abundance of sun.
The
tree is of an irregular shape with a knotty trunk and branchy crown.
It is called the “eternal tree“ as it is resistant to decay.
It does not yield fruit
in the first 7 years, and after 20 years it gives a high crop. After
150 years the crop declines, and after 200 years young shoots spring
forth from the old
tree. Olive trees can reach over a thousand years.
The
leaves are oblong and leathery, dark green above and silvery white
beneath.
The
fruit is oblong, of a dark green to black colour, rich in oil which
is mechanically pressed.
The
healthiest oil is obtained by cold pressing.
The
unripe, light green
fruit contains 15-35% of oil and is best for consumption. The
oil is expressed from the ripened fruit which is purplish black in
colour. It is used for cooking, frying,
salads, seasoning and to preserve cheese and fish.
Olive
oil is rich
in vitamins A,K,D and E, it is easily digested and has a lower
energy level than butter and other oils. It helps to prevent blood
from clotting and slows ageing.
The
fruit is
used in the pharmaceutical industry for medicinal purposes and in
the manufacture of cosmetics.